What the new discoveries of science last 6 month 2019??????

1.NEW HORIZONS

The New Horizons probe has had a busy year, starting with a flyby of Ultima Thule, a Kuiper Belt Object at a distance of 42 astronomical units from the Sun. The data beamed back from the spacecraft showed that the object was flatter than expected. The science results from the flyby was also published. 

New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe that was launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program.

Contractor: International Launch Services

LORRI: Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager

Ralph: Ralph Telescope

Alice: Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer

PEPSSI: Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation

2. CHANG'E 4

China’s Chang'e 4 mission became the first to successfully execute a soft landing on the far side of the Moon. This was a technically challenging mission, which had a number of science objectives. These included mineralogical studies of the Moon, observations of the solar corona and studies of cosmic rays. 

3. IBM Q SYSTEM ONE

IBM launched the first commercial quantum computing system, the IBM Q System One. The components of the computing system are cryogenically cooled. This is the first quantum computing system to have escaped the confines of research labs. 

IBM Q System One is the world's first-ever circuit-based commercial quantum computer, introduced by IBM in January 2019. IBM Q System One is a 20-qubit computer. This integrated quantum computing system is housed in a 9x9x9 ft air-tight glass cube that properly maintains environmental variables. Wikipedia

Release date: January 2019; 11 months ago

Developer: IBM Research

Manufacturer: IBM

4. THE SATURNIAN DAY

Planetary scientists finally filled an embarrassing hole in their knowledge of Saturn. No one knew how long a day on Saturn lasted, because there were no permanent visible “land marks” to observe and time. Researchers finally figured out the duration using Cassini’s measurements of the rings. We now know that a day on Saturn lasts 10 hours, 33 minutes and 38 seconds. 

5. FRB 180814

The Chime Telescope (Image: McGill University)

Fast Radio Bursts are repeated radio pulses of currently unknown origin. Researchers managed to localise and characterise an FRB for only the second time in 2019, with the object being called FRB 180814. The first one to be located was FRB 121102 in 2012. Discovering these sources will allow researchers to investigate the phenomenon better. The finding has already ruled out any cataclysmic events as the source, and predicted that there are many such objects waiting to be discovered. 

While extremely energetic at their source, the strength of the signal reaching Earth has been described as 1,000 times less than from a mobile phone on the Moon.^[2] The first FRB was discovered by Duncan Lorimer and his student David Narkevic in 2007 when they were looking through archival pulsar survey data

6. UNKNOWN HUMAN ANCESTOR

The Denisova Cave.

There are six known species of Homo. Homo sapiens have DNA traces of Homo neanderthalensis and Homo denisova. Sapiens have been known to occassinally bear babies with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Researchers used AI to scan through sequenced genomes of Neanderthals and Denisovans, and found something rather surprising. The traces of an unknown species of Homo, that ancient sapiens interbred with.  

7. HACHIMOJI DNA

Researchers announced a new synthetic DNA, a molecule with the characteristic double helix structure, but made up of eight nucleobases - four natural and four artificial. Researchers essentially added four new letters to the existing four in the genetic code. The advancement could allow for improved DNA storage, and has implications for the search for extraterrestrial life. Hachimoji DNA is a synthetic nucleic acid analog that uses four synthetic nucleotides in addition to the four present in the natural nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. This leads to four allowed base pairs: two unnatural base pairs formed by the synthetic nucleobases in addition to the two normal pairs

8. CRYSTAL STARS

The interior of a white dwarf star. (Image: University of Warwick)

Researchers found the first direct evidence of a white dwarf star turning into a crystal, and showed that the skies are possibly full of crystalised stars. Our own star is on track to become a crystal after going through a white dwarf stage in another 10 billion years. The finding also implies that some stars are billions of years older than previously believed. 

the sun will eventually collapse into a white dwarf, an exotic object about 200,000 times denser than Earth.

Half a century ago, theorists predicted that white dwarfs solidify into crystal over time — and the new research has found that this is indeed the case. [Death of a Sunlike Star: How It Will Destroy Earth (Infographic)]